82 OECD Household members Study Ft, chart PF3.2.B. Involvement costs in early childhood degree and you may worry from the income, 0 to help you dos season-olds (OECD prices, predicated on European union-SILC study).
84 Trick data into early youngsters degree and you may care in the Europe – 2019 model. Eu Fee/EACEA/Eurydice. Architectural symptoms to own overseeing knowledge and you may training expertise during the European countries – 2019 and 2020.
86 Look for more info for the Trick analysis for the early childhood amourfactory dating studies and you can care and attention during the European countries – 2019 version. European Percentage/EACEA/Eurydice, pp. 54-62.
87 Underachievers in PISA are the ones pupils whom don’t visited proficiency Peak dos, we.e. minimal height needed to take part successfully inside society.
89 OECD defines studying literacy, the brand new key subject getting PISA 2018, because the ‘understanding, using, evaluating, showing on and entertaining having texts to have a person’s goals, to grow one’s education and you can potential, and be involved in society’. OECD, PISA 2018 Performance (Volume I) – Just what Pupils Discover and will Carry out, 2019, p. fifteen.
91 The results of the PISA examination try rates, since they’re considering samples of children, in place of into the full beginner inhabitants, and on a restricted group of assessment jobs in lieu of all of the you are able to of them. A sensed difference between one or two estimates predicated on trials is named ‘statistically significant’ when it is possible that a bona fide distinction is obtainable throughout the populations where brand new products is pulled.
94 Pansu, P. Max, S. Cole, P., Nezlek, J. B. and you will Huguet, P. (2016). An encumbrance on the boys: Proof stereotype danger inside the boys’ learning show. Journal off Experimental Societal Therapy, 65, pp. 26-30. Marcenaro-Gutierrez, O. Lopez-Agudo, L. Ropero-Garcia, Yards. (2018). Gender Variations in Adolescents’ Academic Completion. More youthful, 26 (3), pp. 250-270. Smith, M. and you will Wilhelm, J. (2012). ‘Discovering don’t develop zero Chevys’: Literacy on the life from younger guys, Portsmouth: Boynton/Prepare. Freedmon, B. (2003). Boys and you may literacy: As to the reasons Boys? And that boys? Why now? Papers demonstrated within Annual Fulfilling of one’s American Academic Lookup Association.
96 Freedmon, B. (2003). Boys and you can literacy: Why Boys? Which boys? As to why now? Report showed at Annual Appointment of your own American Academic Search Relationship.
98 Genlott, An effective. A good. Gronlund, A. (2016). Closure the gaps – Boosting literacy and you will math of the ICT-increased collaborationputers & Education, 99, pp. 68-80.
100 The latest OECD measures the brand new ESCS index looking at multiple variables about pupils’ family unit members records, namely: parents’ studies, parents’ profession, house possessions, amount of guides and academic resources offered by home.
101 Emma Garcia, Elaine Weiss, ‘Education inequalities at the college doing entrance, Openings, fashion, and strategies to address them’, Monetary Plan Institute, ). Has an effect on and you can influence toward lower levels of attainment: a look at books and policy initiatives. Hub for Look into the Wide Advantages of Training Lookup Declaration 31, London, DCSF.
Regner, We
103 The fresh new proportion out-of students that have an effective migrant record may vary extensively anywhere between European union Associate States. To avoid data based on really small sample versions, this statement reveals efficiency just for Eu Member Says where part of youngsters which have a migrant history is at the very least 5%.
Select also European Payment (2019)
104 The phrase pupils ‘created abroad’ and children ‘native-produced that have mothers produced abroad’ involved in which report corresponds to exactly what the OECD talks of respectively as ‘first-age group immigrant students’ and ‘second-age group immigrant students’.
106 Based on PISA 2018, locations has over 100 000 inhabitants, if you find yourself outlying portion keeps less than step three 000 population.
108 The information differentiating the employment price regarding average-peak graduates from the orientation of their qualification exists just by 2014, following the utilization of the fresh new ISCED-2011 category from education throughout the Eu LFS.
